{"id":5023,"date":"2011-08-15T17:10:44","date_gmt":"2011-08-15T15:10:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/?p=5023"},"modified":"2011-08-15T17:10:50","modified_gmt":"2011-08-15T15:10:50","slug":"wie-muslime-halfen-die-belagerung-wiens-zu-beenden","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/2011\/08\/15\/wie-muslime-halfen-die-belagerung-wiens-zu-beenden_5023","title":{"rendered":"Wie Muslime halfen, die Belagerung Wiens zu beenden"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Der Historiker <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/blogs\/nyrblog\/2011\/aug\/10\/anders-breiviks-historical-delusions\/\">Timothy Snyder setzt sich<\/a> mit dem Kernst\u00fcck der Geschichtsphilosophie von Anders Breivik auseinander, dem Bruch der Belagerung Wiens durch die polnische Kavallerie am Kahlenberg 1683. Er spricht von einem muslimischen (und \u00fcbrigens auch j\u00fcdischen) Einflu\u00df auf die die Schlagkraft der &#8222;Retter der Christenheit&#8220;. Die tatarischen Reiterheere waren die Vorbilder der polnische Truppen, die damals die besten der Welt waren. (Eine Analogie zu diesem Einflu\u00df k\u00f6nnte man in den <a href=\"http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belagerung_von_Konstantinopel_%281453%29\">Kanonen des Urban<\/a> sehen, mit denen Mehmed 1496 die Eroberung Konsatntinopels gelang &#8211; hier war ein chrislicher Ingenieur in Diensten der muslimischen Truppen der kriegsentscheidende Vorteil.) Erfolgreiche Imperien, kann man sagen, k\u00f6nnen niemals auf v\u00f6llige Abschottung setzen. Sie d\u00fcrfen ihre eigene Rhetorik des Kulturkampfes nicht allzu ernst nehmen.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The Polish charge down the Kahlenberg to the besieged walls of Vienna  on September 12, 1683 was indeed dramatic. A Turkish chronicler  recalled \u201ca flood of black pitch consuming everything it touched.\u201d Who  were these Polish cavalrymen, and why were they so fearsome? The Polish  state had been in contact with Islam for all seven centuries of its  existence. Wars with the Ottomans and their Tatar vassals in Ukraine  were commonplace. It was in the setting of Polish and Ottoman battles  for Ukraine that Hasidism took shape and gained popularity among Polish  Jews. At various points Tatars also switched sides from the Ottomans to  the Poles, sometimes having been taken prisoner first, sometimes not. In  the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Tatars printed their holy books  (kitab) in a Polish-Belarusian language, using Arabic script. Tatars  fought in Polish armies in the defining battles of the age, for example  helping to defeat the crusading Teutonic Knights at Gr\u00fcnwald in 1410.  They came to form an elite part of the officer class. Muslims were thus  among the Polish horsemen who drove the Ottomans from the gates of  Vienna.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>The Muslim influence upon the rescuers of Christendom went far deeper  than this. The very tactics of the Polish cavalry, regarded at the time  as the best in Europe, were developed in contact with, and indeed  copied from, the Tatars. Polish nobles bore curved swords. The shaved  their skulls and grew their mustaches long. Just before the fateful  charge down the Kahlenberg, each Polish soldier took a piece of straw,  and placed it in his helm. This was an agreed-upon signal, allowing the  Austrians to tell the difference between the allied Polish soldiers and  the common Ottoman enemy.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>Like the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Ottoman Empire was  anything but a monoreligious state. Both states were based upon a  political logic that is no longer possible to follow. Monarchs made  durable arrangements with leaders of the various religions practiced in  their realms: the Ottoman sultan left Christian matters largely in the  hands of the Orthodox Church, whose patriarchs were more powerful under  the Ottomans than they had been under Byzantium. Greeks were the traders  and the financiers of the Ottoman Empire, and the Ottoman armies, like  the Polish ones, were multiconfessional. Although we might think of the  Ottoman Empire as Asian in origin, in fact its history begins with  Balkan conquests, and most of its Balkan subjects never converted to  Islam. These kinds of early modern arrangements, where a weak central  state in effect confers authority to local elites in exchange for the  ability to tax and wage war, are often regarded as models of toleration.<\/p>\n<p>It is quite wrong, it should go without saying, to imagine some sort of premodern Christian purity in Europe. (&#8230;)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Der Historiker Timothy Snyder setzt sich mit dem Kernst\u00fcck der Geschichtsphilosophie von Anders Breivik auseinander, dem Bruch der Belagerung Wiens durch die polnische Kavallerie am Kahlenberg 1683. Er spricht von einem muslimischen (und \u00fcbrigens auch j\u00fcdischen) Einflu\u00df auf die die Schlagkraft der &#8222;Retter der Christenheit&#8220;. Die tatarischen Reiterheere waren die Vorbilder der polnische Truppen, die [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":54,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,157],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5023","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-allgemein","category-die-freunde-und-die-feinde-des-islams"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Wie Muslime halfen, die Belagerung Wiens zu beenden - J\u00f6rg Lau<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/2011\/08\/15\/wie-muslime-halfen-die-belagerung-wiens-zu-beenden_5023\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Wie Muslime halfen, die Belagerung Wiens zu beenden - J\u00f6rg Lau\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Der Historiker Timothy Snyder setzt sich mit dem Kernst\u00fcck der Geschichtsphilosophie von Anders Breivik auseinander, dem Bruch der Belagerung Wiens durch die polnische Kavallerie am Kahlenberg 1683. Er spricht von einem muslimischen (und \u00fcbrigens auch j\u00fcdischen) Einflu\u00df auf die die Schlagkraft der &#8222;Retter der Christenheit&#8220;. Die tatarischen Reiterheere waren die Vorbilder der polnische Truppen, die [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/2011\/08\/15\/wie-muslime-halfen-die-belagerung-wiens-zu-beenden_5023\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"J\u00f6rg Lau\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2011-08-15T15:10:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2011-08-15T15:10:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"J\u00f6rg Lau\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Geschrieben von\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"J\u00f6rg Lau\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Gesch\u00e4tzte Lesezeit\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3\u00a0Minuten\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/2011\/08\/15\/wie-muslime-halfen-die-belagerung-wiens-zu-beenden_5023\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/2011\/08\/15\/wie-muslime-halfen-die-belagerung-wiens-zu-beenden_5023\",\"name\":\"Wie Muslime halfen, die Belagerung Wiens zu beenden - J\u00f6rg Lau\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2011-08-15T15:10:44+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2011-08-15T15:10:50+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/#\/schema\/person\/55f0be9bfac24815791fbc852b042f57\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/2011\/08\/15\/wie-muslime-halfen-die-belagerung-wiens-zu-beenden_5023#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"de\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/2011\/08\/15\/wie-muslime-halfen-die-belagerung-wiens-zu-beenden_5023\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/2011\/08\/15\/wie-muslime-halfen-die-belagerung-wiens-zu-beenden_5023#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Startseite\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Wie Muslime halfen, die Belagerung Wiens zu beenden\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/\",\"name\":\"J\u00f6rg Lau\",\"description\":\"Ein Blog \u00fcber Religion und Politik\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"de\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/#\/schema\/person\/55f0be9bfac24815791fbc852b042f57\",\"name\":\"J\u00f6rg Lau\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"de\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a5fe39bf4f5335b8bac36eefa0b41467221b1598bfea5f05159a0199e391eed0?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a5fe39bf4f5335b8bac36eefa0b41467221b1598bfea5f05159a0199e391eed0?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"J\u00f6rg Lau\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/author\/joerg-lau\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Wie Muslime halfen, die Belagerung Wiens zu beenden - J\u00f6rg Lau","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/2011\/08\/15\/wie-muslime-halfen-die-belagerung-wiens-zu-beenden_5023","og_locale":"de_DE","og_type":"article","og_title":"Wie Muslime halfen, die Belagerung Wiens zu beenden - J\u00f6rg Lau","og_description":"Der Historiker Timothy Snyder setzt sich mit dem Kernst\u00fcck der Geschichtsphilosophie von Anders Breivik auseinander, dem Bruch der Belagerung Wiens durch die polnische Kavallerie am Kahlenberg 1683. Er spricht von einem muslimischen (und \u00fcbrigens auch j\u00fcdischen) Einflu\u00df auf die die Schlagkraft der &#8222;Retter der Christenheit&#8220;. Die tatarischen Reiterheere waren die Vorbilder der polnische Truppen, die [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/2011\/08\/15\/wie-muslime-halfen-die-belagerung-wiens-zu-beenden_5023","og_site_name":"J\u00f6rg Lau","article_published_time":"2011-08-15T15:10:44+00:00","article_modified_time":"2011-08-15T15:10:50+00:00","author":"J\u00f6rg Lau","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Geschrieben von":"J\u00f6rg Lau","Gesch\u00e4tzte Lesezeit":"3\u00a0Minuten"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/2011\/08\/15\/wie-muslime-halfen-die-belagerung-wiens-zu-beenden_5023","url":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/2011\/08\/15\/wie-muslime-halfen-die-belagerung-wiens-zu-beenden_5023","name":"Wie Muslime halfen, die Belagerung Wiens zu beenden - J\u00f6rg Lau","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/#website"},"datePublished":"2011-08-15T15:10:44+00:00","dateModified":"2011-08-15T15:10:50+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/#\/schema\/person\/55f0be9bfac24815791fbc852b042f57"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/2011\/08\/15\/wie-muslime-halfen-die-belagerung-wiens-zu-beenden_5023#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"de","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/2011\/08\/15\/wie-muslime-halfen-die-belagerung-wiens-zu-beenden_5023"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/2011\/08\/15\/wie-muslime-halfen-die-belagerung-wiens-zu-beenden_5023#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Startseite","item":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Wie Muslime halfen, die Belagerung Wiens zu beenden"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/#website","url":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/","name":"J\u00f6rg Lau","description":"Ein Blog \u00fcber Religion und Politik","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"de"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/#\/schema\/person\/55f0be9bfac24815791fbc852b042f57","name":"J\u00f6rg Lau","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"de","@id":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a5fe39bf4f5335b8bac36eefa0b41467221b1598bfea5f05159a0199e391eed0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a5fe39bf4f5335b8bac36eefa0b41467221b1598bfea5f05159a0199e391eed0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"J\u00f6rg Lau"},"url":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/author\/joerg-lau"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pG02W-1j1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5023","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/54"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5023"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5023\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5025,"href":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5023\/revisions\/5025"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5023"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5023"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.zeit.de\/joerglau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5023"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}