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Guantánamo: Jeder siebte Entlassene wird wieder militant

Dieser Bericht wird die Debatte über die Schliessung Guantánamos verändern: Jeder siebte Entlassene geht wieder terroristischen oder militanten Aktivitäten nach, berichtet die New York Times mit Berufung auf eine Untersuchung des Pentagons. Ich habe hier bereits im Januar über den Fall Al-Shihri berichtet, der aus dem Lager entlassen wurde und später zu Führer der Al-Kaida im Jemen aufstieg.

Insgesamt 74 Insassen sollen „rückfällig“ geworden sein. In einigen Fällen bedeutet dies aber offenbar nur, dass sie wieder Kontakt zu Militanten gesucht haben, nicht dass sie etwa schon Anschläge geplant oder verübt hätten oder im bewaffneten Kampf gestanden hätten.

An unreleased Pentagon report concludes that about one in seven of the 534 prisoners already transferred abroad from the detention center in Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, has returned to terrorism or militant activity, according to administration officials.

The conclusion could strengthen the arguments of critics who have warned against the transfer or release of any more detainees as part of President Obama’s plan to shut down the prison by January. Past Pentagon reports on Guantánamo recidivism have been met with skepticism from civil liberties groups and criticized for their lack of detail.

The Pentagon promised in January that the latest report would be released soon, but Bryan Whitman, a Pentagon spokesman, said this week that the findings were still “under review.”

Two administration officials who spoke on condition of anonymity said the report was being held up by Defense Department employees fearful of upsetting the White House, at a time when even Congressional Democrats have begun to show misgivings over Mr. Obama’s plan to close Guantánamo.

Kritiker vermuten allerdings, der Report solle die Schliessung des Lagers torpedieren und es nachträglich rechtfertigen:

“It’s part of a campaign to win the hearts and minds of history for Guantánamo,” said Mark P. Denbeaux, a professor at Seton Hall University School of Law who has represented Guantánamo detainees and co-written three studies highly critical of the Pentagon’s previous recidivism reports. “They want to be able to claim there really were bad people there.”

Mr. Denbeaux acknowledged that some of the named detainees had engaged in verifiable terrorist acts since their release, but he said his research showed that their numbers were small.

“We’ve never said there weren’t some people who would return to the fight,” Mr. Denbeaux said. “It seems to be unavoidable. Nothing is perfect.”

Terrorism experts said a 14 percent recidivism rate was far lower than the rate for prisoners in the United States, which, they said, can run as high as 68 percent three years after release. They also said that while Americans might have a lower level of tolerance for recidivism among Guantánamo detainees, there was no evidence that any of those released had engaged in elaborate operations like the Sept. 11 attacks.

In addition to Mr. Shihri and Mr. Rasoul, at least three others among the 29 named have engaged in verifiable terrorist activity or have threatened terrorist acts.

 

Demokraten verweigern Obama Geld für Guantanamo-Schliessung

Die Demokraten im Senat haben der Regierung die Bewilligung von 80 Mio $ verweigert, die für die Abwicklung der Schliessung von Guantanamo vorgesehen waren.

Im Klartext: Obamas eigene Partei blockiert jetzt die Schliessung des Gefangenenlagers, die Obama für sein erstes Amtsjahr versprochen hat – ein symbolisch wichtiger Trennstrich zur Bush-Regierung. Die NYTimes berichtet:

In recent days, Mr. Obama has faced growing demands from both parties, but particularly Republicans, to lay out a more detailed road map for closing the Guantánamo prison and to provide assurances that detainees would not end up on American soil, even in maximum security prisons.

The move by Senate Democrats to strip the $80 million from a war-spending bill and the decision to bar, for now, transfer of detainees to the United States, raised the possibility that Mr. Obama’s order to close the camp by Jan. 22, 2010, might have to be changed or delayed.

Das wirft ein fahles Licht auf die Anfrage der US-Regierung an Deutschland, man möge doch bitte neun uigurische Häftlinge aufnehmen – selbst wenn diese Häftlinge unschuldig sind und ihnen nach Jahren grausamer Verhöre nichts nachgewiesen werden konnte.

Wie kann man mit der Bitte um Entlastung bei diesen Gefangenen an eine befreundete Regierung herantreten, wenn im eigenen Land – und von Führern der Regierungspartei! – gefordert wird, die anderen Gefangenen dürften „nicht auf amerikanischem Boden bleiben, nicht einmal in Hochsicherheitsgefängnissen“?

Da entsteht doch der Eindruck, die Gefangenen sollten wie eine Art juristischer Sondermüll irgendwo in der Welt verklappt werden – um zu Hause die nötigen Debatten über die rechtspoltische Sackgasse zu vermeiden, in die die Bush-Regierung sich manövriert hat.

Der Mehrheitsführer im Senat, Harry Reid, wird folgendermaßen zitiert:

Mr. Reid in his comments, however, was unequivocal in insisting that the terrorism suspects never reach American shores.

“You can’t put them in prison unless you release them,” he said. “We will never allow terrorists to be released in the United States.”

“In looking at the position of the House, that was more logical,” Mr. Reid said. “We have clearly said all along that we wanted a plan. We don’t have a plan. And based on that, this is not the bill to deal with this.”

Es ist richtig zu fordern, dass sich Deutschland an der Verbesserung der Situation von unschuldigen Gefangenen beteiligt. Aber diese Pflicht ist hierzulande politisch schwer plausibel zu machen, wenn Amerika die Gefangenen vom eigenen Festland fernhält, um die gesellschaftlichen und sonstigen Kosten zu minimieren.

Nur wenn die Amerikaner selber das juristische und humanitäre Desaster von Guantanamo aufarbeiten, kann auch die Welt in die Pflicht genommen werden.

 

Iran: Raketen gegen Israel getestet

Teherans Beitrag zur Nahostdebatte: Am Mittwoch behauptete Präsident Achmadinedschad, Iran habe erfolgreich eine neue Boden-Boden-Langstrecken-Rakete getestet, die Israel erreichen könnte.

Die Sejjil 2-Rakete reicht laut IRNA angeblich weiter als die Shabab-3:

The Sejjil missile has a range of almost 2,000 kilometers and is different from Shahab-3 missile. It operates in two stages and uses solid fuel, whereas, Shahab-3 missile is one-stage operator and uses liquid fuel.  Sejjil’s range is longer than Shahab-3.

Hintergrund dieser Meldung ist die Debatte in Israel über einen möglichen Schlag gegen das iranische Atomprogramm, falls die diplomatischen Bemühungen der neuen US-Regierung scheitern sollten.

So viel zu den diplomatischen Avancen Obamas. Nach der Wahl im Iran – am 12. Juni – wird man sehen, ob hier nur der Preis hochgetrieben werden soll, oder ob es überhaupt kein Interesse an ernsthaften Verhandlungen gibt.

 

Israelis und Palis – wie verwöhnte Kinder

Bradley Burston sagt es (in Haaretz), wie es ist:

In the case of Israel, the White House has stood often on the sidelines, politically neutralized, as the Jewish state undertook initiatives, in particular, settlement construction, which have proven painfully costly, morally dubious, and otherwise harmful – first of all, to Israel itself.

As the peace process unraveled in the late 1990s and then-prime minister Netanyahu burned through political capital in visits to Washington, senior Clinton administration Mideast official Aaron David Miller famously recalled that „all of us saw Bibi as a kind of speed bump that would have to be negotiated along the way until a new Israeli prime minister came along who was more serious about peace.“

In the case of the Palestine that has yet to arise, global donors who lavished hundreds of millions of dollars and euros in aid, failed to require that the funds be spent on the needs of the needy, and the phantasmagoria of corruption that ensued led directly to the rise of Hamas, the crippling of Fatah, and the collapse of the peace process.

As in the case with spoiled children, as Israel and the Palestinians received more and more attention, they focused more completely on themselves, cataloguing, memorizing, publicizing and, frequently, exaggerating, every real and imagined injury, dismissing and ignoring damage and injustice done to the other.

Like spoiled children, hardliners on each sides spin a narrative in which the other side „started it,“ and bears sole responsibility for the entirety of the fighting which no one seems capable of stopping. Like brats, they have no room for another narrative, for someone else‘ distress, to feel remorse or extend sincere apologies to address wrongs they themselves have committed.

Like spoiled children, they have been treated all too often with excesses of sympathy and compensatory, largely unappreciated gifts, rather than the respect and honesty that would better have served them.

Like spoiled children, the hardliners demand to be allowed to continue whatever destructive behavior they choose, for the sake of fairness.

This behavior, in turn, engenders revulsion on the part of the neighbors [Israeli or Palestinian] who thus become favorably disposed, or at least, complicit, when harsh punishments are heard being meted out in the neighboring household [air strikes, crippling aid embargos, rocket attacks].

The result, for Israel, has been an unaddressed clash with its own future, as the number of Arabs living in Israel and the West Bank continues to rise, and Gaza continues to seethe, with no solution remotely in sight.

The consequence, for Palestinians, has been the self-immolation of their movement for independent statehood, and, in blaming the occupation for all ills, an acquired, abject incapability to alter for the better a tragic present.

Small wonder, then, that this remains the most infuriating peace process in the world. For the present, you don’t have far to look to see why the Obama administration may, in the end, decide instead to devote its energies to more promising pursuits.

This may be the time to ask what, exactly, it is that Netanyahu has to lose by endorsing in broad strokes the two-state formula first conditionally endorsed by his Likud in 2003. On Monday, hours before the meeting, pollster Mina Zemach said that more than 50 percent of the Israeli public currently favors the two-state solution, and a total of 78 percent „would be willing to live with it“ in the context of a future peace.

 

Netanjahu – Obama 1:2

Meine Analyse zum ersten Treffen der beiden Regierungschefs aus der ZEIT von morgen:

Er hat die Zauberformel nicht benutzt: Das Wort »Zweistaatenlösung« kam Benjamin Netanjahu bei seinem Antrittsbesuch in Washington nicht über die Lippen. Obama bekannte sich umso eifriger zu einem palästinensischen Staat. Hat Netanjahu sich trotzig durchgesetzt gegen Obamas neue Nahostpolitik? Nein, der israelische Premier steht vor der Schicksalsfrage seines politischen Lebens. Und es ist Obama, der ihn durch seine Kursänderung dahin drängt.
Unter solchem Druck hat lange kein israelischer Regierungschef gestanden und unter solchen Bedingungen noch kein Gipfel stattgefunden: Netanjahu musste lange auf ein Treffen warten, um sich zwischen lauter Arabern eingeklemmt zu finden. Obama rahmt den Antrittsbesuch des Israelis mit hochsymbolischen arabischen Auftritten ein. Schon Wochen zuvor hatte er König Abdullah von Jordanien empfangen. Nächste Woche kommt Palästinenserpräsident Machmud Abbas nach Washington und die Woche darauf Ägyptens Präsident Mubarak. Solche Politik mit dem Terminkalender wäre früher ein Eklat gewesen. Kann es sein, dass sich hier gerade Grundlegendes verschiebt in der Nahostpolitik? Weiter„Netanjahu – Obama 1:2“

 

Der Erfinder des Selbstmordattentats ist tot

Und es ist kein Araber: Velupillai Prabhakaran, der Gründer und Chef der Tamil Tigers (LTTE), wurde von Sri Lankischen Soldaten getötet.

Er hat zwar nicht das erste solche Attentat ausführen lassen (das war in Beirut 1983, als sich Mitglieder des „Islamischen Dschihad“ aka Hisbollah mit einem Truck vor einer Kaserne in die Luft sprengten und 299 Soldaten töteten).

Doch er hat aus Selbstmordattentaten erstmals eine Hauptwaffe einer Terrororganisation gemacht, die ganz regelmässig eingesetzt wurde, komplett mit dazugehörigem Märtyrerkult.

 

Obama und Netanjahu – zwei Realisten

Der kluge Shmuel Rosner prophezeit in der New Republic, dass Netanjahu und Obama sich im Kern viel besser verstehen werden, als sie offiziell zugeben können:

Some pretence and masquerading is necessary for both Obama and Netanyahu as they present their agenda and ponder in public the outcome of their meeting. But more than the two of them care to admit, they have surprisingly similar expectations and needs. In essence, they come to the meeting as realists pretending to be something else–Netanyahu the peace-skeptic, Obama the peace-maker.

They both know the „big“ truths: Peace with the Palestinians isn’t in the cards any time soon. Peace with Syria seems less likely than both Israel and the U.S. were hoping. (Obama sent his emissaries to Damascus twice in recent weeks, and twice they came back empty handed–resulting in an almost immediate renewal of sanctions and a public reprimand of the Syrian regime for not making enough of an effort to stop the smuggling of terrorists to Iraq.) Both know that Iran is a problem that needs be dealt with in the near future–and Obama knows as much as Netanyahu that this is not „Israel’s problem“ but a problem about which Arab leaders are wringing their hands behind closed doors.

But both leaders have their roles to play. Netanyahu needs to maintain the perception that he is hard-nosed enough to risk an attack on Iran’s nuclear-related installations, while Obama needs to back his attempt at „engagement“ by showing some willingness to squeeze the Israeli government. Beneath these performances, however, the outlook of these two leaders is much more alike than commonly thought. The meeting between them will be a delicate dance of the inner realist in both: In the updated version of Netanyahu, Obama will find a leader that’s looking for practical solutions for the overwhelming problems he has to deal with. In the post-election version of Obama, Netanyahu will find the leader who still carries the slogan of „change,“ but at least in the international arena is quite far from being the wide-eyed naif that some people had hoped he will be. The tension surely has the potential to explode. But for the time being, it is a dance. And for every couple, as important as this first dance might be, the important question is whether this will be followed by a second dance.

 

Was Obama Netanjahu sagen sollte

Ein Kommentar von Anthony Cordesman, dem Coautor der von mir zitierten Studie des CSIS über Israels Möglichkeit, das iranische Atomprogramm zu stoppen:

A firm U.S. commitment to Israel’s security does not mean that a U.S. president cannot confront an Israeli prime minister who tries to back away from the search for peace. It does not mean that the United States has to sacrifice its interests in the rest of the Middle East. Hopefully, Prime Minister Netanyahu will accept the new impetus that the United States has given to negotiations through the appointment of George Mitchell and that Israel cannot edge away from the two-state solution. Hopefully, Israelis will understand that a U.S. administration has no reason to tolerate the eccentricities and extremism of a foreign minister on the margins of Israel’s political life.

If not, this should be a visit when the formula is not a celebration but the announcement of “full and frank” discussions and a categorical presidential statement endorsing an active and unfaltering search for a two-state solution even if this means open disagreement during the prime minister’s visit. At some level, the United States must also press the prime minister on the issue of settlements, the treatment of Gaza, and Palestinian rights and needs in the West Bank and Jerusalem. For far too long, the hope that the Oslo Accords would trade territory for peace has led to a reality that trades terrorism for settlements.

Any such pressure on Israel, however, must be two sided. The failures in the peace process were failures by both sides. The corruption and failed governance of the Palestinian Authority was large a self-inflicted wound, as was the failure to capitalize on President Bill Clinton’s peace efforts. It was Fatah’s mistakes, corruption, and failures to create meaningful security forces that opened the way to the rise of Hamas and then lost Gaza. It is Hamas’s violence and rejectionism that has divided the Palestinian movement to the point where even moderate Israelis are beginning to lose hope. The United States must push hard for Palestinian reform, for honest and effective governance, and for further progress in creating effective Palestinian security forces.

More generally, President Obama must make it clear at every relevant occasion that the United States intends to push Arab states—as well as Israel and the Palestinians—to look at the realities of peace.

Ein interessanter Punkt seine Argumentation: Ein israelischer Angriff würde die Anlagen des Iran vermutlich nur zeitweilig zurücksetzen, nicht vollständig zerstören. Doch er würde dem Iran eine Legitimitation in den Augen der Welt verschaffen, sich nun erst recht atomar aufzurüsten.

Cordesman beschreibt auch die Notwendigkeit der USA, Israel und seinen Nachbarn eine so starke Sicherheitsgarantie gegen eine eventuelle iranische Bombe zu geben, dass der Iran davon abgeschreckt würde. Eine militärische Aktion gegen das Bombenprogramm muss darin weiter als glaubhafte Möglichkeit enthalten bleiben.

Hier weiterlesen.

 

Was Netanjahu antreibt

Ein interessantes Stück von Jeffrey Goldberg in der New York Times vor dem Besuch Netanjahus in Washington versucht zu erklären, was den israelischen Premierminister antreibt, und was sein Weltbild geprägt hat:
Netanjahu ist stark beeinflußt von seinem Vater, dem Historiker Benzion Netanjahu, der sich als Historiker der spanischen Inquisition einen Namen gemacht hat. Netanjahus Vater arbeitete das rassistische Element in der Judenfeindschaft der Inquisition in Spanien heraus.
Und von seinem Bruder, der als Teil eines Sondereinsatzkommandos bei der Befreiung der Geiseln von Entebbe umgekommen ist. In Entebbe wurden die Geiseln, unter der Führung des deutschen Linksterroristen Wilfried Böse, in Juden und Nichtjuden selektiert – ein traumatisches Erlebnis für die israelische Öffentlichkeit.
Benjamin Netanjahu sieht die Bedrohung durch die iranische Atomaufrüstung in einer langen Tradition des Antisemitismus, dessen Akteure changieren, während die grundsätzliche Bedrohung bleibt:

Nevertheless, the prime minister’s preoccupation with the Iranian nuclear program seems sincere and deeply felt. I recently asked one of his advisers to gauge for me the depth of Mr. Netanyahu’s anxiety about Iran. His answer: “Think Amalek.”

“Amalek,” in essence, is Hebrew for “existential threat.” Tradition holds that the Amalekites are the undying enemy of the Jews. They appear in Deuteronomy, attacking the rear columns of the Israelites on their escape from Egypt. The rabbis teach that successive generations of Jews have been forced to confront the Amalekites: Nebuchadnezzar, the Crusaders, Torquemada, Hitler and Stalin are all manifestations of Amalek’s malevolent spirit.

If Iran’s nuclear program is, metaphorically, Amalek’s arsenal, then an Israeli prime minister is bound by Jewish history to seek its destruction, regardless of what his allies think. In our recent conversation, Mr. Netanyahu avoided metaphysics and biblical exegesis, but said that Iran’s desire for nuclear weapons represented a “hinge of history.”

“Iran has threatened to annihilate a state,” he said. “In historical terms, this is an astounding thing. It’s a monumental outrage that goes effectively unchallenged in the court of public opinion. Sure, there are perfunctory condemnations, but there’s no j’accuse — there’s no shock.” He argued that one lesson of history is that “bad things tend to get worse if they’re not challenged early.” He went on, “Iranian leaders talk about Israel’s destruction or disappearance while simultaneously creating weapons to ensure its disappearance.”

Netanjahu glaube nicht, meint Goldberg, dass die Iraner unmittelbar Israel mit Atomwaffen angreifen werden. (Wegen der israelischen Abschreckung durch eigene Atomwaffen?) Aber eine iranische Bombe würde wie ein nuklearer Schutzschirm für die Feinde Israels in der Region wirken – vor allem Hisbollah und Hamas.
Irans Bombe würde die islamistischen Militanten weltweit ermutigen, dass der Fanatismus der Weg zum Sieg sei.

 

Obama knickt ein

Obama will die Fotos von Folterungen nicht veröffentlichen.
Ein Übersetzer für Arabisch wird aus dem Militär gefeuert, weil er offen schwul ist – und der Präsident tut nichts dagegen, obwohl er im Wahlkampf versprochen hat, eine tolerantere Politik gegenüber Homosexuellen in der Army einzuschlagen.

Und Jon Stewart beweist angesichts dieses erstaunlichen Einknickens, dass Obama vor Satire keineswegs sicher ist.

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